FDG method (theme, questions, discussion process, data analysis)

QUALITATIVE PART:

FDG method (theme, questions, discussion process, data analysis)

Theme: Protection of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Kuwait

Obesity is increasing in Kuwait from an eightfold rate in the last 40 years. Adults and children are getting obese which are overweight conditions due to bad lifestyle and reaching towards morbidity and mortality due to the effects of cardio metabolic diseases and cancer (Weiderpass, et. al., 2019). The data and information is required to be discussed in the process in which the adults and children will be asked about the lifestyle and food habits in Kuwait as they are leading towards the high rates of obesity and moving forward in the direction of getting dreadful diseases as a negative impact of obesity (Musaiger, et. al., 2016).

The group discussion will focus on dealing with the collection of data from adults and children of Kuwait as they are dealing with the higher rates of obesity in their shortage (Al-Taiar, et. al., 2018). The transcript for the data collection will be a focus of the group discussion in which the various kinds of questions will be asked related to the daily routines of children and adults to get data and information regarding the increasing eightfold rates of obesity in Kuwait. The data collected will then be used in establishing a plan for mitigating the factors which are leading adults and children towards obesity (Alenzi, et. al., 2020).

The data analysis of the research is to understand the prevention of obesity and overweight in children and adults in Kuwait which is being found out using the transcript (Abarca-Gómez, et. al., 2017). The objective of the research is to determine the obesity and overweight levels in adults in Kuwait. The research also has the objectives of analyzing various prevention strategies which can help reduce obesity issues of Kuwait (Rey-Lopez, et. al., 2019). The aim and objectives are identified using the transcript as the levels of obesity and overweight conditions of children and adults of Kuwait are rapidly increasing and demanding preventions for the issues.

Identification of the issue

The children and adolescents of Kuwait are facing an eightfold increase in obesity and overweight issues. The obesity is leading them towards the harmful diseases and other issues which can turn into morbidity and mortality due to cardio metabolic diseases and cancer (Farrag, et. al., 2017). The obesity and overweight conditions in children and adults are very much dangerous regarding the health of people in Kuwait. They are at a great risk of lives which is demanding them to change the toxic lifestyle of eating unhealthy and less of motion in daily routine works. The issue is leading them to dangerous health hazards (Elkum, et. al., 2019).

The research has the main issue of understanding the prevention of issues of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents of Kuwait. The research report aims towards its understanding and proposing ways to prevent the issues for children and adults. The objectives of the research report are to analyze the various kinds of prevention methodologies which will help in the mitigation of obesity issues in Kuwait (Farrag, et. al., 2017). The objective also considers the understanding of protecting adults and children of Kuwait to deal with the increasing issues of obesity and overweight problems. The research also determines the study of obesity and overweight conditions in Kuwait among adults and children.

Aims and Objectives

Aim: The main aim of the research is to understand the prevention of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Kuwait.

Objectives of the research:

  • To determine the study of overweight and obesity levels among adolescents in Kuwait.
  • To analyze various prevention strategies which in reducing overweighed issues in Kuwait?
  • To understand how Kuwait will protect adolescents by obesity and overweight problems.

Study factors and outcome

The study factor involves overweight and obesity in Kuwait is increasing at a high rate which is leading the children and adults towards the health conditions of harmful diseases such as cardio metabolic diseases and cancer (Elkum, et. al., 2015). The increasing rate of issues in obesity and overweighting of children and adults need to be prevented by introducing the right way of living a healthy and comforting life. The health outcomes need to be prevented as the issues of obesity and overweight conditions are leading the children towards a hard life which is dangerous and needs to be prevented (Elkum, et. al., 2015).

QUANTITATIVE PART:

In this research, the questionnaire method will be used to collect accurate data and information for completing the whole report. It is an effective tool which involves a set of questions and select respondents who provide their opinions and views regarding the theme of the research (Abarca-Gómez, et. al., 2017). This method is feasible as it helps in easily and simply collects the required information related to the number of adolescents who are face obesity and overweight issues in Kuwait. This technique of quantitative research helps in gathering the appropriate level of information that is important to developing the report in a better manner (Elkum, et. al., 2019).

Research questions and research hypothesis

A research question is a question which a research report develops to find out the required answer (Alenzi, et. al., 2020). This is important for the researcher is to select an accurate question that helps in delivering the best solution to this project in a better manner. This will help in focus on both methods such as qualitative and quantitative. It is essential to the collection of data and analysis of interpretation (Farrag, et. al., 2017).

Research Question:

What are the different strategies and methods for protecting the adolescents’ people in Kuwait by overweight and obesity issues?

Hypothesis:

H1: Strategies are important for preventing adolescents’ from overweight and obesity

H0: Strategies are not essential for preventing adolescents’ from overweight and obesity

Study location and population

Location: The study will be conducted in Kuwait.

The target population is defined as the whole group of individuals to which investigators are interested to get the conclusion and they are directly linked with the project work. In this report, the target population of the project is all adolescents’ people of Kuwait (Al-Taiar, et. al., 2018). The researcher selected adolescents and youngsters who are facing this issue in which they overweight and obese.

The investigate study population is all adolescents’ who are face obesity and overweight issue in the Kuwait region. A research population is referring to an as huge collection of a person which the main concentrate of analyzing scientific query (Musaiger, et. al., 2016). This is important for the Kuwait government is to focus on examining the health issues which are arising in the region and it directly impacts adolescents.

The sample population is that population which is a set of individuals along with its specialized skills, capabilities, and characteristics. In this research, the sample population which is selected for this report is 200 adolescents who are given their opinions and point of view regarding the protection of overweight and obesity among them in Kuwait (Weiderpass, et. al., 2019).

Study design and variables

Study design

A descriptive study will be used to answer the research question in which describe and identify the different strategies and methods that are important to protect the adolescents from overweight and obesity in Kuwait (Rey-Lopez, et. al., 2019). A cross-sectional survey will be used because it is one of the most feasible study designs that are provided with fewer resources.

Variables

Outcome: Two outcomes will be developed in this study:

  • Adolescent people’s knowledge of obesity
  • strategies related to a reduction in overweight and obesity

Exposure: This may include:

  • Age
  • Education level
  • Awareness
  • Income
  • Occupation

Confounding factors: For outcome 1 that access knowledge and its aim is not to develop a normal relationship, therefore, this variable does not apply. For outcome 2, which Kuwait government develops effective strategies for overweight and obesity among adolescents (Badr, et. al., 2017).

Data collection

Sample size

Using the software tool EPI Info, the sample size for the study was calculated as 200. This was ascertained using the following parameters:

  • Expected prevalence of obesity among adolescents: 15%
  • Acceptable margin of error: 5%
  • Design effect: 1.0
  • Clusters: 10
  • Confidence level: 80%

Sampling Method

A cluster sampling method will be used to recruit the subjects for this project as Kuwait is large in respect of the population. Although, a simple random sampling may be more precise and it is mainly involved in higher value (Rey-Lopez, et. al., 2018). Therefore, clusters will be recognized by using the local community people which provides services and 10 random samples will be involved in this study as well. It is analyzed that 20 members will be randomly chosen from each cluster (using the random number generator on EPI Info) to be included in this study.

Description of the questionnaire

The survey has been developed and it will mainly use to gather the required data for this report. This will be translated in the Kuwait region (Farrag, et. al., 2017). The survey will be managed and organized by a trained interviewer to cater for the fact that some of the respondents are not educated. All the participant details will be kept confidentially and safely (Elkum, et. al., 2016). The questionnaire for this research is presented which describes the protection of adolescents from overweight and obesity issues. Such questions are asked from selected respondents.

References

Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z. A., Hamid, Z. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., … Ezzati, M. (2017). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2627–2642. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3

Alenzi, A. N., Mohammed, H. R., & Abdalhameed, A. H. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Hawally District, State of Kuwait. Zagazig University Medical Journal26(3), 493-501.

Al-Taiar, A., Rahman, A., Al-Sabah, R., Shaban, L., & Al-Harbi, A. (2018). Vitamin D status among adolescents in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open8(7), e021401.

Badr, H. E., Lakha, S. F., & Pennefather, P. (2017). Differences in physical activity, eating habits and risk of obesity among Kuwaiti adolescent boys and girls: a population-based study. International journal of adolescent medicine and health31(1).

Elkum, N., Alarouj, M., Bennakhi, A., & Shaltout, A. (2019). The Complex Etiology of Childhood Obesity in Arabs Is Highlighted by a Combination of Biological and Socio-Economic Factors. Frontiers in Public Health, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00072

Elkum, N., Al-Arouj, M., Sharifi, M., Shaltout, A., & Bennakhi, A. (2015). Prevalence of childhood obesity in the state of Kuwait. Pediatric Obesity, 11(6), e30–e34. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12090

Elkum, N., Al‐Arouj, M., Sharifi, M., Shaltout, A., & Bennakhi, A. (2016). Prevalence of childhood obesity in the state of Kuwait. Pediatric obesity11(6), e30-e34.

Farrag, N. S., Cheskin , L. J., & Farag, M. K. (2017b). A systematic review of childhood obesity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Prevalence and risk factors meta-analysis. Advances in Pediatric Research, 4(8). https://doi.org/10.12715/apr.2017.4.8

Farrag, N. S., Cheskin, L. J., & Farag, M. K. (2017a). A systematic review of childhood obesity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Health impact and management. Advances in Pediatric Research, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.12715/apr.2017.4.6

Musaiger, A. O., Al-Kandari, F. I., Al-Mannai, M., Al-Faraj, A. M., Bouriki, F. A., Shehab, F. S., … & Al-Qalaf, W. B. (2016). Disordered eating attitudes among university students in Kuwait: the role of gender and obesity. International Journal of Preventive Medicine7.

Rey-Lopez, J. P., Hashem, R., Hamer, M., Mcmunn, A., Whincup, P. H., Owen, C. G., & Stamatakis, E. (2018). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents and associations with socioeconomic indicators: The study of health and activity among adolescents in Kuwait. Minerva Pediatrica.

Rey-Lopez, J. P., Hashem, R., Hamer, M., Mcmunn, A., Whincup, P. H., Owen, C. G., & Stamatakis, E. (2019). Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associations with socioeconomic indicators: the study of health and activity among adolescents in Kuwait. Minerva pediatrica71(4), 326-332.

Weiderpass, E., Botteri, E., Longenecker, J. C., Alkandari, A., Al-Wotayan, R., Al Duwairi, Q., & Tuomilehto, J. (2019). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adult Kuwaiti population in 2014. Frontiers in endocrinology10, 449.

 

Appendix

Qualitative Part

The theme of the research is to analyze the protection of obesity and overweight among adolescents in Kuwait. It has been analyzed that the study mainly focuses on obsess children and adolescents remain obsessed with adults and it is increasing their mortality rate due to the cardio metabolic disease. This is also creating some serious causes and impacts on their body as well.

The discussion process of the study involves the Kuwait government understand and evaluate how to take necessary steps and actions to deal with such a situation. This is important for higher authorities is to concern about adulthood health and develop the required strategies for a reduction in this problem.

With the help of data analysis, the researcher found out that obesity and overweight are caused by various issues and create major health impacts among adolescents. For this, they are tried to develop necessary tactics and strategies to manage such situations properly. Along with this, the researcher concern about analyzing Kuwait’s current condition and evaluate the behaviour of adults due to overweight.

 

Quantitative Part

EPI INFOR tool for collect sample size

EPI INFOR tool for collect sample size

QUESTIONNAIRE

Q.1. What is your age?

·      12-15 years

·      15-18 years

·      18-21 years

Q.2. What is your gender?

·      Male

·      Female

Q.3. What is your education status?

·      Primary education (1-8)

·      Secondary education (9-12)

·      College or University

Q.4. Are you aware of obesity and overweight?

·      Yes

·      No

·      No comments

Q.5. Have you heard about obesity?

·      Yes

·      No

Q.6. What is the cause of overweight and obesity?

·      Stress

·      Poor sleep

·      Excess food

·      Unhealthy diet

Q.7. As per your opinion, how the Kuwait government will protect adolescents from obesity and overweight?

·      Develop and take necessary initiatives

·      Create awareness among adolescents

·      The government take the necessary steps

Q.8. Do you think adolescents’ needs to focus on reducing overweight and obesity problems by doing different activities?

·      Yes

·      No

Q.9. What is the effect of overweight on the health of adolescents?

·      Increase stress and tension

·      Health issues

·      Damage the body structure

Q.10. Do you have suggestions for the improvement of adolescents’ health and reduce the issue of obesity among them?

·      Yes

·      No

 

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