INTRODUCTION
Tourism planning and development can be referred as a growth as well as maintenance of tourism industry within a given locality and it planning is very important part of it (Tourism Planning and Development, 2020). Tourism development in simple terms can be defined as developing strategies as well as plans for encouraging, increasing and developing tourism for a particular destination (Kayumovich, 2020).
The basic reason behind the planning of strategies and implementing them in a tourism sector is to make money and to increase the GDP growth of an areas or country. It consists of various elements which needs to be taken into consideration while planning and developing a hospitality destinations.
LO1 – Policy approaches for managing the development as well regeneration of tourism destinations
Tourism is considered as a most important and one of the largest industries in present business scenario, this industry has developed after a decline in a manufacturing and various other industries. In order to develop a tourist destinations, it should be unique and more creative and only after that it can offer a competitive tourist destination. So, it has become really important for many tourists destination to develop various policies in order to make London as a competitive tourist destination (Richards, 2020). The basic purpose of this report is to identify various approaches for management the development and regeneration of tourism destination and to assess the importance of holistic tourism planning for sustainable development of tourism and role of tourism planning in regenerating and development of destinations. Some of the policies approaches are mentioned below:
Tourism development policies at national level: The strategies and policies for tourism development should be planned for a 5 year plan. This includes starting with a MP (Marketing and Promotion) which is an effort for consolidating as well as promoting a tourism destination, so it continues to grow as well as develop on a par wither various other tourist destinations. So, a 5-year plan can be seen as a direct effect on NTP which acts as a guide for development of tourism destinations. In addition to this, added values of tourism destinations may also be responsible for ETP, through the process of NKEA (National Key Economic Area), it will continue to bring higher incomes as well as statues for a tourist destination (Armis and Kanegae, 2020). There are some of the strategies which come under the polices of national tourism development like bringing together of various channels of investments in a particular destination as well as selected activities which has potential for generating high growth of tourism in terms of income, employment opportunities and linking of other economic sectors (Price, 2020). It also involves a strategy of diversifying the products and services which are offered to tourists in order to meet their demand and interests. Another strategy which is involved in is aggressive promotional strategies of tourist destinations in order to attract tourists across the world.
Tourism development policies at state level: It involves development of polices and strategies for development of tourist destinations such as London at state level. London has adopted sustainable approach in order to promote tourism. It can prove to be an effective approach as it will allow to focus more on local levels and community development. These approach also includes various strategies like marketing of local tourists destination in order to attract local tourists as they also help in promoting local tourists destinations. This also includes actively promoting, facilitating and encouraging art and cultural activities at international and local levels (Coca-Stefaniak, 2020). Involves coordination with private sectors in order to promote local tourist destination at international levels and organizing training programs as well as support information to tourist front-liners. Here countries can also take various recreational action in order to promote various local tourist destinations of a country.
Quality tourism approach: This is one of the major tourism approach which can be adopted by London, as it involves offering quality products and services to tourists which may include both tangible and intangible components that enhances the experiences of tourists. So it can result in regeneration of tourist destinations.
Environmental planning approach: London has been recognizing that its environment and tourism are closely interrelated and also planning of environmental tourism is essential. Here London is developing regional strategies for minimizing the impact of tourism on environment and is also developing a plan for safeguarding of various tourist attractions and maintaining the quality and monitoring environmental impact of tourism continuously.
Community based tourism approach: In this approach local residents which can be poor, rural and economically marginalized can invite tourist to visit their communities that too with the provision accommodation for overnight. So, it provides an opportunity for residents to earn income which can prove to be effective for social development and even local communities can work together for regeneration of various tourists destination of London.
Stakeholders approach: In this approach various stakeholders of tourist destination, can be involved in the regeneration and development of tourists destination. Various stakeholders together can develop a proper policies and plans for the development of tourist destinations. This can approach can prove to be effective for regenerating and developing tourist destinations.
Boosterism: This approach can help in proper analysis of tourists destination to be developed or regenerated and then setting a goal for developing a tourism destination which can attracts tourists across the world. This approach is also considered as a part of development of attitude which results in the growth of tourism of the host destination.
Economic approach: This approach aims to enhance the economic growth as well as development of tourist destination which may also involves use of promotions and marketing in order to attract tourist. This approach puts more emphasis on economic growth and impact of tourism and most importantly create income as well as employment benefits for communities, regions and country as a whole.
Tourism is today considered one of the significant social forces in the world, as it has a diverse international geographical and economic importance. There is no denying that tourism is a huge force for change, as it can explain prosperity in London. In the current tourism scenario, many countries use various tourism development policies as part of an effective measure to lead to the regeneration of various tourist destinations. So, one of the dimensions underlying these policies is to generate more and more jobs and to promote more tourism activities in London. Also, it moving from the regeneration of tourist destinations to sustainability. In various regeneration policies, London is largely associated with the sustainability of tourist destinations. Like zero waste release, this is one of the major policies that needs to be introduced, as there has been an increase in the amount of waste produced at the tourist destination, which are responsible for pollution in the UK (Chahardowli et al., 2020). So the new regeneration policies are helped with zero waste. Another regenerative strategy to be adopted is that the tourist destination should evolve as it should bring greater order in the area, greater beauty, dynamic balance and reduced complexity. Therefore, the tourist destination continues to evolve continuously and must become more and more sustainable in the direction of its political approaches.
Another, policy approach is that the tourism destinations should be able to make higher contribution towards the well-being of larger system of which it is a part (Price, 2020). This means that London should able to support local peoples and should generate employment opportunities for them and should also bring higher economic contribution to area or country in order to give rise to its GDP. Also, there should be a balance with all other parts of tourists destination like it should not give rise to congestions or rise to pollution but should be equally attractive so, there should be a proper balance while regenerating the tourist destinations.
LO2 – Importance of holistic tourism planning for sustainable tourism destination
Holistic tourism refers that a tourists can in full and different experience which can go beyond the simple contact with the culture, people, places and landscapes (Saneinia, Gholizadeh and Zhou, 2020). It mainly focuses on the self-transformation as well as an attempt of people for understanding more about themselves. Planning for holistic tourism is really important as it enables people to consider various effects of tourism on local and national economy, environment and culture. Tourism planning also enables various types of benefits to stakeholders which are involved planning of tourism destination like London for example it can result in generation of jobs and income for tourist spending in London. It helps in preserving of culture as well as natural heritage for tourists and also help in understanding of other cultures. Holistic tourism planning for London, UK can be done by various methods explained blow:
Planning at national, regional and local levels: Tourism planning of London at national level is mainly considered with infrastructure, tourism policy, tourism facilities and physical structure plan of London. It also include important tourist attractions of London, international entry points, and selected tourism development regions and various other facilities and services. It also includes providing quality accommodations, laws and investment policies, tourism marketing and promotional strategies (Singh, 2020). At regional level tourism planning of London is concerned with aspects of regional policies like regional entry points and transportation services and facilities. It also involves tourist attractions and their location as well and also manages socio-cultural, economic, environmental and impact analysis by providing training programs at regional levels. At local level participants considers tourism planning objectives, plan preparation, analysis, outputs and outcomes as well as evaluation at grass root level. London involves the local participation of various groups like local government and intra government, local producers, local non-producers, single interest organisation, which help in meeting the tourism planning goals and objectives of London.
Involving stakeholders: This is another method for planning by involving all stakeholders of London. As stakeholders includes government, NGOs, community members even tourist and tourism industry and many other groups like travel agents, airlines companies, destination management organisations and travel bloggers, hotels, and restaurants. 1st step is to identify the key stakeholders and then make open communication with them which will act as brain storming process and engage them effectively on the basis of levels of input and their potential involvement in future development of London.
Taking Triple sustainable issues: While planning for tourism it should be the prime concern to take sustainability issues into consideration as they cannot be ignored. The sustainable issues like economic development which involves how London can be made more attractive in order to grab more and more tourists which will generate huge income. Also, what strategies should be involved in order to serve the community and preserve the heritage for the long-term (Arbogast and et.al., 2020). Also, how to minimise the wastages and pollutions generated through tourist activities and for this sustainable issues needs to be taken seriously at national level.
LO3 – Role of tourism planning for destination development
Tourism planning plays an important role in development destination or its regeneration as it involves a strategic planning and advancement of well-defined areas in order to support evolution of various destination for travelers with a prime focus on supplying side of tourism by offering compelling experiences, quality infrastructure and better services for enticing repeat visitation. Role of a tourism planning as vehicle to develop or to regenerating the destination can be explained below:
Physical regeneration: It helps in effective development of infrastructure across the London in order to make it more and more advanced and attractive for tourists. It can also help in building of environment across the London which occurs delightful to visitors. Various plans are made in order to improve the physical appearance of the destination so that tourists feel equally delighted at their every visit to London. For example Greenwich Paninsula has been regenerated recently which has a potential to attract number of tourists across the world and this area has been completed transformed. This can benefit the local people as it will provide employment to local peoples as it will be the hub for music studio, film and production centers that will offer employment to local people.
Social benefits: Within tourism planning of London, there is an important issue that cannot be ignored, it is how to provide benefits to society through tourism. Each tourist destination of London can act as a vehicle for addressing various social issues, offering various benefits. One of the major social benefits that can be offered to the tourist destination society is employment as more tourists arrives to London, it promote more employment in various fields of tourism such as travel agents, restaurants, hotels, cabs, tourist guides, etc (Rahmafitria et al, 2020). When a tourist destination is more famous, it is more likely to offer locals a high employment rate. This plays an important role in reducing poverty. It can also help promote local culture internationally, as London is famous all over the world and people want to visit this destination at least once in a lifetime. Effective tourism planning can result in more expectations and needs of visitors which can lead in creation of new businesses as well as commercial activities and this will build more diverse economic base which will help the local communities. It will also help in increasing of commercial and residential development by increasing the demand of housing and other services.
Environmental benefits: When developing an effective tourism plan, it is important to address the various environmental benefits, which should be considered at the initial level. If the tourist destination is famous, it has the potential to attract more and more tourists that can have a negative impact on the natural environment. It is important to develop various strategies to minimize the negative impact of tourism on the environment and to develop a plan to improve cleanliness (Sørensen and Balsby, 2020). A plan should also be developed to protect London’s natural attractions in order to maintain quality. In London government is keeping a proper check on various environmental pollution causing agents like noise pollution, waste management activities, visual pollution management in order to prevent city from pollution of various kinds. Even England has introduced an urgency as well as pressure to become environmental friendly service for example Stonehenge which has been positioned in such a manner that no air and noise pollution can come from cars which can harm the stones.
Economic benefits: The tourist destination has the potential to bring more and more economy to the country on a regular basis. So, tourism planning plays an important role in generating various economic benefits for people and for local and national government. It has been estimated that London’s economic benefit is huge, as it is estimated that tourism and the night economy contribute £ 36 billion a year to London’s economy and employ 700,000 people. Tourists are willing to spend money to visit these destinations and to raise local income taxes.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that tourism is an important for growth of any economy of any country but for this country should well developed tourism policy which should consists of all the essential elements of effective tourism. Also, proper tourism plan should be developed in order to promote sustainable development of destinations and this approach should bring various benefits . Also, tourism planning acts as a vehicle for developing and regenerating of tourist destination.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arbogast, D and et.al., 2020. Using social design to visualize outcomes of sustainable tourism planning: a multiphase, transdisciplinary approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Armis, R. and Kanegae, H., 2020. Understanding of Citizens’ Loyalty in City Regeneration: Post-mining Communities in Sawahlunto, West Sumatera. Journal of the Asia-Japan Research Institute of Ritsumeikan University. 2. pp.77-91.
Chahardowli, M and et.al., 2020. Survey of Sustainable Regeneration of Historic and Cultural Cores of Cities. Energies. 13(11). p.2708.
Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., 2020. Beyond smart tourism cities–towards a new generation of “wise” tourism destinations. Journal of Tourism Futures.
Kayumovich, K. O., 2020. Prospects of digital tourism development. Economics. (1 (44)).
Price, W. R., 2020. Mining for Tourists: An Analysis of Industrial Tourism and Government Policy in Wales. Tourism Planning & Development. pp.1-22.
Rahmafitria, F and et.al., 2020. Tourism planning and planning theory: Historical roots and contemporary alignment. Tourism Management Perspectives. 35. p.100703.
Richards, G., 2020. Designing creative places: The role of creative tourism. Annals of tourism research. 85. p.102922.
Saneinia, S., Gholizadeh, A. and Zhou, R., 2020. A holistic view of tourism development and potential policy concerns: A case of Birjand City, Iran.
Singh, S. S., 2020. Sustainable Tourism for Holistic Development in Manipur. Studies in Indian Place Names. 40(1). pp.1501-1506.
Sørensen, F. and Balsby, N., 2020. Brokers and Saboteurs: Actor Roles in Destination Innovation Network Development. Tourism Planning & Development. pp.1-26.
Online
Tourism Planning and Development. 2020. [Online]. Available Through: < https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19900191973&tip=sid>.